Gentoo Linux安装--Intel CPU类型设置及优化

主机平台：Gentoo 11.2

内核版本：Linux Kernel 3.2.1

CPU型号：Pentium Dual-Core T2370 32-bit

原创作品，转载请标明出处http://blog.csdn.net/yming0221/article/details/7354039

1、通过查看CPU的信息可以看到Intel Core 2 Duo/Quad / Xeon 51xx/53xx, Pentium Dual-Core T23xx+/Exxxx的硬件信息如下：

首先设置/etc/make.conf中CFLAGS

我的make.conf文件如下：

CFLAGS="-O2 -march=prescott -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
# WARNING: Changing your CHOST is not something that should be done lightly.
# Please consult http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/change-chost.xml before changing.
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
MAKEOPTS="-j3"
USE="gnome X dbus v4l -qt3 -qt4 gtk laptop samba -kde -arts consolekit policykit udev alsa cdr -cups -bluetooth"

GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://mirrors.163.com/gentoo"

SYNC="rsync://mirrors.163.com/gentoo-portage/"

LINGUAS="en_US en_GB uk zh_CN "

如果机器是64位的，则设置CFLAGS如下：

CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

2、内核编译选项

如果你的处理器是双核的，那么激活这个选项:

Linux Kernel Configuration:

Processor type and features  --->

    [*] Symmetric multi-processing support

    (2) Maximum number of CPUs (2-256)

    [ ] SMT (Hyperthreading) scheduler support

    [*] Multi-core scheduler support

如果你的系统是32bit的，那么激活这个选项:

Linux Kernel Configuration:

Processor type and features  --->

    [*] Machine Check Exception

    < >   Check for non-fatal errors on AMD Athlon/Duron / Intel Pentium 4

如果是64bit的，激活这个选项:

Linux Kernel Configuration:

Processor type and features  --->

    -- Machine check support 

    [*] Intel MCE features

Executable file formats / Emulations  --->

    [*] IA32 Emulation

3、自动降频

内核的配置

Linux Kernel Configuration:CPU frequency scaling

Power management options  --->

     ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) Support  --->

         [*] ACPI Support

         <*>   Processor

     CPU Frequency scaling  --->

         [*] CPU Frequency scaling

         <*>   CPU frequency translation statistics

         [*]     CPU frequency translation statistics details

省电方式(Governor)
它们决定了你的CPU运行的频率。最常用到的可能是'按需分配(ondemand)'和'保守(conservative)'了。你可以按照你的需要来进行调整。

• Conservative 将CPU设置为最省电的状态,当CPU需要使用更多电力的时候一步步地提升CPU的频率.
• Ondemand 将CPU的频率设置为最低，当CPU在最低频率时如果使用率达到100%把CPU的频率提升到额定频率。
• Powersave将CPU的频率一直设置为最低。
• Performance 使CPU保持额定频率运行。
• Userspace 允许你手动设置CPU的频率。

你可以随时改变你的CPU的省电方式。

Linux Kernel Configuration:governor

Power management options  --->

    CPU Frequency scaling  --->

        # E.g. for ondemand

        <*>   'ondemand' cpufreq policy governor

自动降频的驱动
你需要启用系统的CPU频率调整驱动.intel Core Solo/Duo, Intel Core2 Solo/Duo 的驱动是ACPI Processor P-States driver 。它已经被包含到内核中了。编译时在下面这个位置启用。

Linux Kernel Configuration:CPU frequency scaling driver

Power management options  --->

     CPU Frequency scaling  --->

         # E.g. for Intel Core2 Duo

         <*>   ACPI Processor P-States driver

软件
现在你需要安装一些软件来完成自动降频的工作.

emerge --ask --verbose cpufrequtils

下面这个命令可以查看具体有哪些哪些省电方式:

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors

现在你知道你需要使用哪种省电方式了，编辑/etc/conf.d/cpufrequtils文件来设置你想要的方式。默认的是ondemand.

最后，启用CPU自动降频

/etc/init.d/cpufrequtils start

你启用了它之后它不会在每次启动后自动运行，所以你需要把它加入rc脚本中。

rc-update add cpufrequtils boot

4、微码（microcode）的设置

芯片内置的微代码，用于升级CPU中的微程序以修正处理器的BUG

首先添加内核的微码支持

然后添加软件的支持，并添加到开机启动服务自动运行。

sudo emerge emerge -av microcode-ctl
sudo /etc/init.d/microcode_ctl start
sudo rc-update add microcode_ctl default

启动后lsmod查看下有没有microcode模块

如果没有modprobe一下

下面是信息日志

2012-03-14T16:09:01.441949+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253418] Registering platform device 'microcode'. Parent at platform
2012-03-14T16:09:01.441986+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253423] device: 'microcode': device_add
2012-03-14T16:09:01.455766+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253432] bus: 'platform': add device microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.455797+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253442] PM: Adding info for platform:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.455804+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253470] microcode: CPU0 sig=0x6fd, pf=0x80, revision=0xa1
2012-03-14T16:09:01.455810+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253477] platform microcode: firmware: requesting intel-ucode/06-0f-0d
2012-03-14T16:09:01.455815+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253482] device: 'microcode': device_add
2012-03-14T16:09:01.455819+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.253493] PM: Adding info for No Bus:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.490927+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.302793] device: 'microcode': device_unregister
2012-03-14T16:09:01.490964+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.302799] PM: Removing info for No Bus:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.490970+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.302852] microcode: CPU1 sig=0x6fd, pf=0x80, revision=0xa1
2012-03-14T16:09:01.490976+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.302859] platform microcode: firmware: requesting intel-ucode/06-0f-0d
2012-03-14T16:09:01.490981+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.302864] device: 'microcode': device_add
2012-03-14T16:09:01.490986+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.302878] PM: Adding info for No Bus:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.508965+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.320982] device: 'microcode': device_unregister
2012-03-14T16:09:01.509000+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.320988] PM: Removing info for No Bus:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.509006+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.321062] device: 'microcode': device_add
2012-03-14T16:09:01.509922+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.321213] PM: Adding info for No Bus:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:01.509939+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27137.321238] microcode: Microcode Update Driver: v2.00 <[e-mail]>, Peter Oruba
2012-03-14T16:09:36.164996+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27171.976391] microcode: CPU0 updated to revision 0xa4, date = 2010-10-02
2012-03-14T16:09:36.165032+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27171.976823] microcode: CPU1 updated to revision 0xa4, date = 2010-10-02
2012-03-14T16:09:36.258277+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27172.069653] device: 'microcode': device_unregister
2012-03-14T16:09:36.258314+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27172.069658] PM: Removing info for No Bus:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:36.258321+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27172.069764] device: 'microcode': device_create_release
2012-03-14T16:09:36.258327+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27172.069794] PM: Removing info for platform:microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:36.258332+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27172.069804] bus: 'platform': remove device microcode
2012-03-14T16:09:36.258337+08:00 yan-laptop kernel: [27172.069817] microcode: Microcode Update Driver: v2.00 removed.

升级成功。

更多Gentoo的维护请参考Gentoo Linux维护（专栏）

参考：

http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Intel_Microcode

http://hi.baidu.com/goomw/blog/item/3fc65a1b86cf97d2ac6e757f.html